From Robespierre to Rawls: analysis of the "right to subsistence" in the light of egalitarian liberalism

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of the concept of "right to subsistence" through the perspectives of Maximilien Robespierre and John Rawls, prominent political philosophers. Robespierre, a leader during the French Revolution, considered it a fundamental right, arguing that the State should ensure protection of its citizens against poverty and food insecurity. In contrast, Rawls, known for his theory of egalitarian liberal justice, argued that a just society must ensure a minimum of freedom and well-being for all its members, including the protection of economic, social, and cultural rights. This analysis is framed within a historical and philosophical context where poverty and social inequality were central issues, both during the French Revolution and in the 20th century. The article explores how these two thinkers address the relationship between the right to subsistence and social justice, recognizing the importance of guaranteeing basic needs for a dignified life. By considering the ideas of Robespierre and Rawls, the ongoing relevance of economic, social, and cultural rights in the pursuit of a more equitable and just society is highlighted.